Henry Ossian Flipper
Once enslaved and later the first Black American to graduate from West Point, Henry Ossian Flipper is America’s overlooked, trailblazing antihero.
Once enslaved and later the first Black American to graduate from West Point, Henry Ossian Flipper is America’s overlooked, trailblazing antihero.
Slavery ended in 1865. But many Black Southerners remained unfree laborers under the convict leasing system.
Enslaved refugees sought freedom in Union contraband camps during the American Civil War.
From daring Civil War hero to Reconstruction-era political pioneer, the life of former slave Robert Smalls was as amazing as it was significant.
Much of what is widely embraced about the famous activist and orator is mythology, while the truth lives in the shadows.
Galvanized by new electoral laws after the Civil War, thousands of Black men ran for public office both locally and nationally.
Josiah T. Walls was one of them.
How race has shaped our memory of the Civil War and Emancipation